Michael T. Kalashnikov - an outstanding designer of small automatic weapons - English articles - Каталог статей - Легенда России! Калашников: Человек и Автомат
Michael T. Kalashnikov - an outstanding designer of small automatic weapons
By Michael T. Kalashnikov - an outstanding designer of small automatic weapons, Head of the Design Bureau of the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, a colonel-engineer, deputy chief designer of "Izhmash" colonel-engineer, chief engineer - head office on small arms JSC "Concern" Izhmash "General Lieutenant. Born November 10, 1919 in the village now Kuria Kurinskogo district of the Altai Territory in a large peasant family Timothy Alexandrovich (1883-1930) and Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957) Kalashnikovs. In 1936, after graduating from high school in the village Kuria, went to Kazakhstan, where he went to work for an apprentice in a railway depot, "Matai", and then from October 1936 to September 1938 he worked in the city of Alma-Ata (now - Almaty), Technical Secretary political department of third rail branch of the Turkestan-Siberian railway. A member of the Komsomol in 1936-1947, respectively. In September 1938, Mikhail Kalashnikov was drafted into the Red Army, he served in the Kiev Special Military District, graduated from high school driver-mechanics of the tank. On active military service, he distinguished himself as a soldier and inventor: special device manufactured by TT pistol to improve his shooting through a gap in the turret of a tank, has developed a slow count to track the number of shots from a tank gun, has created a resource accounting tool Tank Engine. For the latest invention in January 1941, commander of the Kiev Special Military District, Army General Georgy Zhukov gave the Red Army Kalashnikov nominal hours and ordered the army to send an inventor in Moscow - in one part of the Moscow Military District, based on which conducted comparative testing of the device. Order of the Chief of the Red Army armored control Kalashnikov was sent to one of the Leningrad factories, where the counter after being subjected to working drawings were to start in the series. The prototype device successfully passed laboratory tests at the factory. In the main control of the Red Army armored sent a report, signed by the chief designer of the plant where it was noted that in comparison with existing devices that are simpler in design, reliable in operation, lighter weight and smaller in size. This document was dated June 24, 1941. Since the beginning of World War II from late June to August 1941 a tank commander Sergeant Mikhail Kalashnikov participated in the battles against the Nazi invaders in the 108th Panzer Division Bryansk Front. In August 1941, in fighting near the city of Bryansk, he was seriously wounded and shell-shocked. From August 1941 to April 1942 Mikhail Kalashnikov was treated in the evacuation hospital of the city of Lipetsk region now Elec. There, in a hospital ward, he had the idea of a submachine gun. Having a six-month leave for health reasons, arrived at the station, "Matai" and workshops railroad depot made the test sample. The second sample was prepared in an evacuated to Alma-Ata, Moscow Aviation Institute in the workshops of the Faculty of small arms and cannon armament. In April 1942 Mikhail Kalashnikov sent for further service at the Central Research of small arms range Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army (as a member of the Communist Party registration card - from April 1942 to February 1949 he worked as a designer in Moscow department of the Ministry of Military Invention Forces of the USSR). In June 1942, a prototype submachine gun was sent for review to the city of Samarkand (Uzbekistan), where at that time was in the evacuation of the Artillery Academy Dzerzhinsky. And although one of the leading teachers of the academy's biggest scientist in the field of ballistics and small arms, the future Hero of Socialist Labor, Major General Artillery Blagonravov not recommended submachine gun Kalashnikov for admission into service, however He praised the inventive talent of senior sergeant. In 1944, Mikhail Kalashnikov has developed a model carbine, a device basic units which served the base for the machine in 1946. In 1947, inventor perfected his machine and won in competitive tests. Revised, the machine in 1949, was adopted by the Soviet Army under the name "The 7.62-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle model 1947" (AK). In 1949, Mikhail Kalashnikov was awarded the Stalin Prize, 1st degree. In 1949, Mikhail Kalashnikov moved to the capital of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (now - the Udmurt Republic) city of Izhevsk and works at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant - since February of that year until August 1957 the lead designer, and from August 1957 to August 1967 - Head of Design Office (KB). CPSU member since June 1953 (Ph.D. - June 1952). Led by Mikhail Kalashnikov unified team of designers based on a number of samples of AK automatic weapons. Adopted were adopted: 7.62-mm machine upgraded (AKM), 7.62-mm machine gun (RPK). In kazom Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on June 20, 1958 for the modernization of the machine and the creation of machine-gun boss KB Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant Mikhail Kalashnikov Timofeevichu awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor and the Order of Lenin and the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle." In 1960-1970-ies based on the AK-47, AKM and RPK has been adopted a number of standardized samples of small automatic weapons: AKM , chambered for 5,45 × 39 species with a folding stock (AKMS and RPKS), 7.62-mm machine gun (PC, FOS - the machine), 7.62-mm machine gun for the tank (FCT) and APC (PKB) . For the first time in the world created a series of standardized samples of small arms, identical to the principle of a single scheme and automation. Small automatic weapons, created by Mikhail Kalashnikov, high reliability, efficiency, ease of handling. He was the first time in the history of small arms have achieved the optimal mix of qualities that ensure high performance and exceptional reliability of the machine in action, namely, short node locking bolt image displayed, the preliminary stragivanie cartridge after firing, precluding rejection when removing spent cartridges, a low sensitivity to contamination and the possibility of trouble-free use in all weather conditions. Mikhail Kalashnikov is not only created the world's best machine, but for the first time developed and implemented a number of troops in uniform samples of automatic small arms. In 1964, for the creation of a set of unified guns PCs, PKT, PKB Kalashnikov and his aides A. D. Kryakushinu and VV Krupin was awarded the Lenin Prize. From August 1967 to April 1975 Mikhail Kalashnikov - deputy chief designer of the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant (April 1975 - "Production Association" Izhmash. ") In 1969, in the year of the 50th anniversary of the birth, the designer was given the rank of "colonel-engineer", and in 1971 set the research and development works and inventions of the Scientific Council of the Tula Polytechnic Institute awarded him the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences without defending a thesis. C April 1975 to May 1979, Colonel-engineer Mikhail Kalashnikov - the deputy chief designer of the production association "Izhmash." I kazom Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on January 15, 1976 for outstanding achievements in the creation of new technology deputy chief designer of software "Izhmash" Kalashnikov Mikhail Kalashnikov was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle." Since May 1979 the chief engineer - head of design office on Small Arms Production Association "Izhmash" (in the early 1990s, transformed into joint-stock company "Izhmash", and later - of OJSC "Concern" Izhmash "JSC" Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant "). In small arms for the Armed Forces, led by CB Kalashnikov has developed a large number of weapons for hunters and sportsmen, which is distinguished not only by its intended purpose, and specifications and beauty. Hunting carbine "Saiga", designed on the basis of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, won huge popularity among hunters in this country and abroad. Among them: smoothbore model "Saiga" carbine "Saiga-410", "Saiga-20C". More than a dozen modifications carbines are produced to this day. Presidential Decree of June 6, 1998 № 657 group of seven designers, among them - the famous gunsmith Mikhail Kalashnikov - has been awarded the State Prize of Russia in the field of art and literature in 1997, in the field of design - a collection of sporting and hunting weapons. Elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 3rd (1950-1954) and 7-10th (1966-1984) convocations. After the collapse of the Soviet Union became the merits of the legendary designer-gunsmith received high marks in the Russian Federation. Presidential Decree of October 28, 1994 № 2022-Colonel engineer Mikhail Kalashnikov was awarded the rank of "Major-General", and after eight days of the presidential decree of November 5, 1994 № 2061 for outstanding achievements in the field of automatic small weapons and a significant contribution to the defense of the Fatherland, he was awarded the Order "For Merit" of the 2nd degree (№ 1). Presidential Decree of October 7, 1998 № 1202 for his outstanding contribution to the defense of the Fatherland, he was awarded the highest award of the country - the revival of the Order of St. Andrew (№ 2). In 1999, Mikhail Kalashnikov was awarded the rank of "General Lieutenant. " I kazom President of the Russian Federation № 1258 of November 10, 2009 for outstanding contribution to strengthening the country's defense chief engineer - head of the Office of Small Arms "Concern" Izhmash " Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevichu Hero of the Russian Federation with the presentation of a special sign of distinction - "Gold Star." veteran, the legendary small arms designer who turned 90 years abroad, living in his home town which became gunsmiths Izhevsk, and continuing the fruitful work of JSC "Concern" Izhmash "JSC" Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant ". Awarded Russian Order of St. Andrew (7.10.1998, № 2) "Merit" of the 2nd degree (5.11.1994, № 1), "For Military Merit" (02/11/2004) Soviet three Orders of Lenin ( 06/20/1958, 10/11/1969, 01/16/1976), Order of the October Revolution (03/25/1974), World War 1st Class (3/11/1985) Red Banner of Labor (01/07/1957), Friendship (8/30/1982) , Red Star (08/17/1949), individual arm of the Honorary President of the Russian Federation (1997), medals, and awards and medals from foreign countries, including the Belarusian Medal of Honor (11/24/1999), Kazakh Order of Friendship of the 1st degree (2003 ), Venezuela's highest award - the Order of "Star of Carabobo" 1st degree (2006). Lenin Prize (1964), Stalin Prize, 1st degree (1949), State Prize of Russia (1997), Presidential Award (2003). Honored Worker of Industry of the USSR (1989), Honored Scientist of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1979), Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Missile and Artillery Sciences (1993), Professor Emeritus of Izhevsk State Technical University (1994), Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering (1994) Honorary Academician of Engineering Academy of the Udmurt Republic (1995), Honorary Member of the International Academy of Science, Industry, Education and Arts USA (1996), Academician of International Informatization Academy (1997), Honorary Academician of the Academy of Informatization of the Republic of Tatarstan (1997). Awarded the title "living legend" and the award of "Golden Pegasus" from the public organization "Russian National Olympus" (2000), a silver statuette with gold sword of Fortune (2001), awarded the medal "Symbol of Science" (2007). A member of the Writers' Union of Russia. For creative writing Kalashnikov received his laureate of All-Russian literary award "Stalingrad" (1997). Izhevsk Freeman (1988), the Udmurt Republic (1995), the Altai Territory (02/09/1997) and Kuria village of the Altai Territory. documents that show the first steps Mikhail Kalashnikov as a designer, were declassified only in 2004. These documents are now stored in Izhevsk Museum and Exhibition Complex named after small arms Kalashnikov. At home Kalashnikov - Kuria village - in 1980 he erected a bronze bust. In early November 2004 in Izhevsk, opened a museum and exhibition center dedicated to the legendary designer-gunsmith. The event was timed to the 85th anniversary of Mikhail Kalashnikov. Centerpiece of the exhibition took the monument to the constructor. Rifles and machine guns Kalashnikov are the armies of more than fifty countries. His machine is depicted on the emblem and the flag of Mozambique, on the arms of Zimbabwe, and in the years 1984-1997 he was depicted on the arms of Burkina Faso. In Mozambique, after the Soviet machine-born boys were given the name "Kalash". Author of books: "Notes of the designer-gunsmith" (1992) , "From another door to the Spassky Gate" (1997), "I'm going with you dear one" ( 1999), "Kalashnikov: the trajectory of Destiny" (2004), "In the whirlwind of my life" (2008), "All right - just" (2009).
